When I first started looking into ways to incorporate solar energy into my life I stumbled across the idea of using a  solar water heater. It was smaller than a grid-tied system, which I wasn't ready for, but larger than the small gadgets I had been using. However, when I looked into purchasing a solar water heater I was confused by the myriad of choices out there.  Not only did I need to know storage capacity, estimated usage, how much space was available for insulated pipes and duct work and where I could put the collection units - I needed to calculate variations for several types of systems! It was daunting.

I did finally sit down and go through the calculations on which system to install and in the end the  benefits outweighed the cost.  Did you know studies have shown that 20 percent of the energy used in homes heats water? In a well insulated home that percentage could climb to 30 or 40 percent. A good collection system will last 20 years if properly installed and by doing laundry, dishes and taking showers while the sun is shining effectiveness of the unit is increased further. If you're on the road to energy conservation and solar power usage here are some pointers on the main types of systems you should consider. Knowing about the options before you call a solar contractor will help you make the best choice for your home.

Batch Heaters

A batch heater is a water tank painted black, mounted in a well insulated box and covered by a sheet of glazing. It works as a pre-heater to a conventional system and can reach temperatures of up to 140 degrees Fahrenheit. It's main drawback is the limited size and the ability of the unit to freeze. During cold months liquid must be drained from the system in order to prevent damage. If you live in an area with warm year round temperatures (such as Florida) and have limited water usage, utilizing  a batch heater would be an excellent cost saving and energy saving investment. If you're a Handyman or Handywoman, you may be able to make one of these systems yourself.

Drain-back Systems

A drain-back system incorporates two solar collectors, a storage tank and pumps.  A pump  constantly circulates water through the collection plates and into a heat exchanger. When you turn on the tap, cold water travels through the storage tank to an exchanger and picks up heat from the water that has been continuously pumped through the collectors. Because of simple freeze protection  this system never needs to be drained. While initial costs may be higher than a batch heater, the capacity level and year round use make it a viable option for people with greater hot water needs.

Pumped Systems

This system is similar to drain-back system except that a non-freezing liquid is pumped through the collectors. The liquid will circulate through the collectors even when they are cold thus allowing you to place the storage tank anywhere in the house. You can increase the output of this system by using it in tandem with a conventional heater. If used in this manner, the solar system works as a pre-heater and the conventional system will turn on only as needed.  If you have a large family this may be the best option as it will reduce wait time between showers.

Written by Emma Santa

With the current recession average consumers are taking a hard look at ways to control skyrocketing energy costs.  Government and private energy companies continue to make price increases on what has come to be an essential component of our living environment. Demand is increasing for energy alternatives and it's not just about being green - now it's about being able to keep the green. Having your own solar powered options will allow you to control your energy costs  and keep your household budget from bursting when traditional energy prices increase.

The good news for those who are interested in going solar is that yes, solar technology is becoming more affordable every day. The technology behind solar panels is becoming cheaper and installation is more cost effective due to products which combine solar panels with roofing materials. As more and more electricians become knowledgeable about installing solar options the price of the man-power needed to complete the installation drops as well.  With the added bonus of government incentives it becomes even more appealing to purchase solar energy panels and solar powered appliances for our homes.

According to the Utility Solar Assessment (USA) Study the costs for solar power vs. traditional power will level out in 2015. But there's more to solar power than affordability. Having control over your own energy system gives you the freedom to decide when and how you will reduce your energy consumption in a time of energy crisis. For example, last summer in California many people suffered rolling blackouts during the highest temperatures and highest energy consumption times. In some areas people were hospitalized for heat related issues and in one devastating case an elderly woman died. Now imagine the difference if many of those homes had utilized solar panels during those peak sunlight hours. Having solar power brings with it an understanding of how energy impacts our lives. It also gives us control. We become the self-sustaining energy enthusiasts.

But before cheaper technologies drop into the more affordable range, there are a few steps you can take now to limit the costs of installing solar panels. You can reduce overall energy consumption prior to installation by utilizing energy efficient lighting and appliances and by improving insulation around doors and windows. Plan out the maximum solar panel system you can realistically install by looking at southern facing roofs, tree cover, the ability to put in freestanding solar panels and how weather will impact sunlight absorption. Take that plan, compare it with your current energy consumption and then work backwards until you can come up with an upfront cost that feels comfortable to you.

Check to see if your local utilities have net metering. Net metering means that when your PV system generates more power than you need, the excess goes to the utility grid and the meter runs backward. Research state and federal tax incentives to see what costs can be offset in your area with deductions. Check for reductions in property taxes, as well as buy down incentives that cut down your initial purchase costs.

Becoming more aware of how energy impacts your life, and how energy costs can increase upon the whims of others will make you more aware of how solar technology isn't just for environmentalists anymore. Planning out solar options and taking advantage of price reductions and tax incentives will help average consumers regain control of how they utilize energy in their lives.

Written by Emma Santa

 Despite the frugal and earth friendly nature of solar energy, mainstream households have yet to embrace solar solutions. Many people still feel that solar technology is bulky, unsightly and expensive. But solar power doesn't have to be an all or nothing commitment. You don't have to put in giant panels or redecorate your roof with solar cells. I'm a firm believer in small steps. Hundreds of people taking small steps can be just as powerful as one person who takes giant strides. Why not start with a few small solar items and see how it works for you. Who knows, you may just find out that you like it! Here are my three favorite solar powered products:

1) Solar garden lighting

I'm glad that solar lighting appears to be surpassing traditional lighting out in the garden. With demand increasing, manufacturers have created many variations and styles. I love that my solar lighting has livened up my outdoor living space during the dusk and evening hours. Instead of harsh halogen lighting, I enjoy the mellow nature - though I have fairly bright solar lights that line my walkway in front of my house. The reason why average consumers are smitten by outdoor solar lighting? The installation is practically effortless and, if you change your mind about the location in a few months or years, you can pull them out and start over again. Some new solar garden accessories: recessed pathway lights and floating pool lights.

2) Solar powered radio

I use my radio every day when I'm out in my garden. Besides the free energy, my favorite aspect is the lack of cords. With no power outlets near my garden, I would otherwise need to stretch several cords across the yard for a traditionally powered radio or blast my music. I'm not sure my neighbors would approve of that. An additional bonus is the hand crank feature, which, during the heavy snow storms and power outages allows for radio access to determine school and road closures. This is a handy tool and I highly recommend everyone keeps one available for emergencies as well as entertainment.

3) Cell phone charger

The third affordable solar powered gadget I cannot do without is my solar cell phone charger. I used to drive from the hills down to San Francisco once a week. From my house the drive is about 3 hours. Since many newer model cars no longer include cigarette lighters, I had no way to plug in a cell phone charger and it was important to use cell technology as I was constantly mobile. Invariably, with how much I was using my phone, I would lose power halfway through the day. Now, thanks to my solar charger, my phone is constantly charging where ever I go.

My car no longer needs to be running in order to charge my phone, so lunches no longer need to be spent sitting in my car. When I come home, I bring in my phone and charging station and it sits on a desk under a window that over looks my garden. Not only do I get the green benefits of solar energy, but I enjoy the lack of cords entangling my office.

Each of these small and simple wire free solutions represent a few of the steps I've taken towards using solar energy and I encourage each of you to try them in your homes. Who knows, you may just find out that you like these solar powered products and want to try more!

Written by Emma Santa

I live in Northern California, and while California has the reputation of being a sunny spot, many sections of the state get significant amounts of snow and rain. I live in one of those spots. When thinking about using solar panels and solar technology to help power my home I can't help but think -- will I be able to make a significant difference in my electric bill during the winter months or is this more of a 6 months out of the year investment?

The answer to that question will of course have implications on my solar budget. We do get snowfall in the winter that piles up on the rooftops. We also have stormy days and thunder storms. Will my solar panels be waterproof? How prone are they to breaking due to wind damage? On cloudy days, solar panels can drop their current output 20 to 30%. It seems that the weather will have a large impact on the validity and affordability of my project.

Many solar panel companies report that snow coverage on solar panels will stop the cells from being able to absorb sunlight completely. Looking up at my rooftop the thought of clearing off the snow in icy conditions doesn't bode well. Are there kits out there that can heat themselves up and melt the snow? Can you rotate them to encourage the snow to slide off? I couldn't be the first one to have this problem so somewhere there should be a solution.

I remember getting a ski tan when I was younger from all of the sun reflected back onto my face. In fact, it seemed that during snowy but clear weather the intensity of the sun was magnified from the reflection off the snow. Are there any solar rooftop versions out there that are able to capture this reflection? It would be interesting to see what configurations everyone has come up with to maximize solar energy absorption for their houses, especially during the winter time.

I did like one account that I read of a family that had gone completely off the grid. Their solution to storms and cloud cover was to install wind powered devices. Of course, during thunderstorms there were other problems to consider such as, "Will that lightning hit my wind converter?" I don't think I'm quite ready to add wind power. One green energy and one step at a time.

While weather may be playing a part on how I configure what my end system will look like, I still have other factors to consider: power storage and efficiency of design. Perhaps, as solar power becomes more affordable and mainstream consumers utilize solar power to a greater extent, different solar professions will arise: solar architects and energy design consultants. These professionals could take all of the guess work out of maximum energy efficiency based on existing the existing home design and space available. Until then, I'll just keep brushing off the snow.

Written by Emma Santa