Solar Water Heaters: How do They Compare

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Solar Water Heaters: How do They Compare

When I first started looking into ways to incorporate solar energy into my life I stumbled across the idea of using a solar water heater. It was smaller than a grid-tied system, which I wasn't ready for, but larger than the small gadgets I had been using. However, when I looked into purchasing a solar water heater I was confused by the myriad of choices out there. Not only did I need to know storage capacity, estimated usage, how much space was available for insulated pipes and duct work and where I could put the collection units - I needed to calculate variations for several types of systems! It was daunting.

I did finally sit down and go through the calculations on which system to install and in the end the benefits outweighed the cost. Did you know studies have shown that 20 percent of the energy used in homes heats water? In a well insulated home that percentage could climb to 30 or 40 percent. A good collection system will last 20 years if properly installed and by doing laundry, dishes and taking showers while the sun is shining effectiveness of the unit is increased further. If you're on the road to energy conservation and solar power usage here are some pointers on the main types of systems you should consider. Knowing about the options before you call a solar contractor will help you make the best choice for your home.

Batch Heaters

A batch heater is a water tank painted black, mounted in a well insulated box and covered by a sheet of glazing. It works as a pre-heater to a conventional system and can reach temperatures of up to 140 degrees Fahrenheit. It's main drawback is the limited size and the ability of the unit to freeze. During cold months liquid must be drained from the system in order to prevent damage. If you live in an area with warm year round temperatures (such as Florida) and have limited water usage, utilizing a batch heater would be an excellent cost saving and energy saving investment. If you're a Handyman or Handywoman, you may be able to make one of these systems yourself.

Drain-back Systems

A drain-back system incorporates two solar collectors, a storage tank and pumps. A pump constantly circulates water through the collection plates and into a heat exchanger. When you turn on the tap, cold water travels through the storage tank to an exchanger and picks up heat from the water that has been continuously pumped through the collectors. Because of simple freeze protection this system never needs to be drained. While initial costs may be higher than a batch heater, the capacity level and year round use make it a viable option for people with greater hot water needs.

Pumped Systems

This system is similar to drain-back system except that a non-freezing liquid is pumped through the collectors. The liquid will circulate through the collectors even when they are cold thus allowing you to place the storage tank anywhere in the house. You can increase the output of this system by using it in tandem with a conventional heater. If used in this manner, the solar system works as a pre-heater and the conventional system will turn on only as needed. If you have a large family this may be the best option as it will reduce wait time between showers.

Written by Emma Santa

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